The blade tips must be able to extend straight out as the blade rotates. If one is stuck folded that would easily explain the vibration.
9/16" is 14.3mm so a 14mm socket will be a snug fit. The bolt is 3/8 UNF not metric.
I usually jam the blade with a piece of wood.
I finally managed to remove the blade. The bolt was a left hand thread.
No, just kidding :-). Conventional RH thread.
The tips don't rotate very freely. I guess they rely on centrifugal force to keep them in line with the blade-holder, but they still seem pretty rigid to me.
Anyway, I CRC'd them and then added ordinary oil. They're held on by locknuts so they can't be over-lubed.
I didn't run the mower without the blade in case, as you pointed out, the weight is needed as a flywheel.
But I will return it to M10, I still think the vibration is excessive.