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Welder's draw a surge when you strike the arc (far beyond the 10A rating of the welder).
This is not a huge issue on grid power. The grid has a comical amount of momentum, and circuit breakers (for the common C curve), are designed to provide ~1 second of power at 5+ times their continuous rating. Similar deal with starting big induction motors 
Similar deal with starting induction motors direct on line. They draw much more than their continuous rating on start up.
Never welded from a generator, but understand they struggle with the initial surge from striking the arc. Both in overall capacity to deal with it, and how quick the governor etc can respond to the sudden demand. Bigger generators simply have more capacity to deal with this stuff.
Should note that welder generators exist. These have integrated welders, and some advantages over running an electric generator off a genset. (That said, when I was doing procurement for a ASME IX pipe welding job (weld quality very important and gets tested), the contractors decided not to avail the generator welders on site, instead choosing to use their electric welders running off one of the sites big diesel generators.
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