I've since managed to gain access to the HDD, unplugging my backup drive and running startup repair a couple of times seem to have me back on a stable system. SSD appears to be healthy, I could access it fine from another OS install before attempting the repair.
Though I did not choose to roll back, Windows Update is now reporting the same batch of updates ready for download. I'm a bit wary of doing so, and wonder if there is anyway to easily isolate a culprit? Rather than an update being at fault I suppose it could have been that one failed to install.
Any ideas on a logical next step? I don't want to install an update that leaves me needing to repair Windows again, nor do I want to stop installing updates.
Long bit below is all them updates.
Edited because hitting posting killed my formatting :/

Cumulative Security Update for Internet Explorer 11 for Windows 8.1 for x64-based Systems (KB2957689)
Download size: 35.8 MB
You may need to restart your computer for this update to take effect.
Update type: Important
A security issue has been identified in a Microsoft software product that could affect your system. You can help protect your system by installing this update from Microsoft. For a complete listing of the issues that are included in this update, see the associated Microsoft Knowledge Base article. After you install this update, you may have to restart your system.
More information:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2957689
Help and Support:
http://support.microsoft.com
Security Update for Internet Explorer Flash Player for Windows 8.1 for x64-based Systems (KB2966072)
Download size: 10.5 MB
You may need to restart your computer for this update to take effect.
Update type: Important
A security issue has been identified in a Microsoft software product that could affect your system. You can help protect your system by installing this update from Microsoft. For a complete listing of the issues that are included in this update, see the associated Microsoft Knowledge Base article. After you install this update, you may have to restart your system.
More information:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2966072
Help and Support:
http://support.microsoft.com
Security Update for Windows 8.1 for x64-based Systems (KB2939576)
Download size: 1.0 MB
You may need to restart your computer for this update to take effect.
Update type: Important
A security issue has been identified in a Microsoft software product that could affect your system. You can help protect your system by installing this update from Microsoft. For a complete listing of the issues that are included in this update, see the associated Microsoft Knowledge Base article. After you install this update, you may have to restart your system.
More information:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2939576
Help and Support:
http://support.microsoft.com
Security Update for Windows 8.1 for x64-based Systems (KB2957189)
Download size: 1.2 MB
You may need to restart your computer for this update to take effect.
Update type: Important
A security issue has been identified in a Microsoft software product that could affect your system. You can help protect your system by installing this update from Microsoft. For a complete listing of the issues that are included in this update, see the associated Microsoft Knowledge Base article. After you install this update, you may have to restart your system.
More information:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2957189
Help and Support:
http://support.microsoft.com
Security Update for Windows 8.1 for x64-based Systems (KB2964718)
Download size: 1.6 MB
You may need to restart your computer for this update to take effect.
Update type: Important
A security issue has been identified in a Microsoft software product that could affect your system. You can help protect your system by installing this update from Microsoft. For a complete listing of the issues that are included in this update, see the associated Microsoft Knowledge Base article. After you install this update, you may have to restart your system.
More information:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2964718
Help and Support:
http://support.microsoft.com
Security Update for Windows 8.1 for x64-based Systems (KB2964736)
Download size: 925 KB
You may need to restart your computer for this update to take effect.
Update type: Important
A security issue has been identified in a Microsoft software product that could affect your system. You can help protect your system by installing this update from Microsoft. For a complete listing of the issues that are included in this update, see the associated Microsoft Knowledge Base article. After you install this update, you may have to restart your system.
More information:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2964736
Help and Support:
http://support.microsoft.com
Security Update for Windows 8.1 for x64-based Systems (KB2965788)
Download size: 1.3 MB
You may need to restart your computer for this update to take effect.
Update type: Important
A security issue has been identified in a Microsoft software product that could affect your system. You can help protect your system by installing this update from Microsoft. For a complete listing of the issues that are included in this update, see the associated Microsoft Knowledge Base article. After you install this update, you may have to restart your system.
More information:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2965788
Help and Support:
http://support.microsoft.com
Update for Windows 8.1 for x64-based Systems (KB2965142)
Download size: 5.0 MB
You may need to restart your computer for this update to take effect.
Update type: Important
Install this update to resolve issues in Windows. For a complete listing of the issues that are included in this update, see the associated Microsoft Knowledge Base article for more information. After you install this item, you may have to restart your computer.
More information:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2965142
Help and Support:
http://support.microsoft.com
Update for Windows 8.1 for x64-based Systems (KB2965699)
Download size: 1.9 MB
You may need to restart your computer for this update to take effect.
Update type: Important
Install this update to resolve issues in Windows. For a complete listing of the issues that are included in this update, see the associated Microsoft Knowledge Base article for more information. After you install this item, you may have to restart your computer.
More information:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2965699
Help and Support:
http://support.microsoft.com
Update for Windows 8.1 for x64-based Systems (KB2966804)
Download size: 160 KB
You may need to restart your computer for this update to take effect.
Update type: Recommended
Install this update to resolve issues in Windows. For a complete listing of the issues that are included in this update, see the associated Microsoft Knowledge Base article for more information. After you install this item, you may have to restart your computer.
More information:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2966804
Help and Support:
http://support.microsoft.com
Update for Windows 8.1 for x64-based Systems (KB2969339)
Download size: 10.1 MB
You may need to restart your computer for this update to take effect.
Update type: Important
Install this update to resolve issues in Windows. For a complete listing of the issues that are included in this update, see the associated Microsoft Knowledge Base article for more information. After you install this item, you may have to restart your computer.
More information:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2969339
Help and Support:
http://support.microsoft.com
Update for Windows 8.1 for x64-based Systems (KB2969817)
Download size: 172 KB
You may need to restart your computer for this update to take effect.
Update type: Important
Install this update to resolve issues in Windows. For a complete listing of the issues that are included in this update, see the associated Microsoft Knowledge Base article for more information. After you install this item, you may have to restart your computer.
More information:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2969817
Help and Support:
http://support.microsoft.com
Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool for Windows 8, 8.1 and Windows Server 2012, 2012 R2 x64 Edition - June 2014 (KB890830)
Download size: 6.2 MB
You may need to restart your computer for this update to take effect.
Update type: Important
After the download, this tool runs one time to check your computer for infection by specific, prevalent malicious software (including Blaster, Sasser, and Mydoom) and helps remove any infection that is found. If an infection is found, the tool will display a status report the next time that you start your computer. A new version of the tool will be offered every month. If you want to manually run the tool on your computer, you can download a copy from the Microsoft Download Center, or you can run an online version from microsoft.com. This tool is not a replacement for an antivirus product. To help protect your computer, you should use an antivirus product.
More information:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/890830
Help and Support:
http://support.microsoft.com