I don't know the problem. I see your Ubuntu startup failed. That is good indication something is bad. Without an identical device to try on any conclusion is not 100%.
- Bios diags might report something useful. Run them all.
- Windows 11 24H2 has been problematic for many users. For that reason I'd try a 23H2 with updates off initially
- Usual warnings about avoiding adding any drivers or software at all initially including motherboard drivers and utility software supplied with the motherboard
- Bios lists many revisions. I'd probably before and after some likely suspects if I had time to burn. Before/after this one for example - CPU uCode version 0x123 was updated for CPU performance optimization by disabling the CEP function for the 14th Gen CPU (stepping B0).
- A quick search on MSI forums has me thinking disabling on-board devices in bios might be a good elimination step. The error messages you got earlier has me thinking CPU features.
MSI forums are active. That is probably the best place to ask. May the force be with you.