Benoire:
Also exclusivity does not equal monopoly as long as the bidding for the exclusivity was open to all; it then simply comes down to content owners perspective on rights and amount bid.
Economically, "exclusivity" does mean monopoly!
Sky has been the classic "pure monopoly" where there is only one supplier of a product in a market.
The definition of a monopoly is not concerned with how the monopoly is achieved, whether through open market bidding or a closed backroom deal. However, there are subcategories of monopoly that can be used to denote the most significant barriers to entry, for example:
- geographical monopoly i.e. we're too small and too far away
- technological monopoly i.e. for some time, nobody else had implemented a competitive delivery system for our market



