The problem you run up against with video capture devices available at reasonable prices is that they all seem to have onboard conversion of the video data to a compressed format, and no option to turn that off.  And they do that compression much worse than you can do for yourself.

The proper way to convert a VHS tape for posterity is to use a capture card that has the option to provide you with raw video (completely uncompressed).  You record that to disk, typically needing about 1.1 Gibytes per minute of tape.  I used to do this using freeware called VirtualDub, which also allowed you to do lossless compression using the Huffyuv codec, which reduced the disk space needed by 20% or so.  Then once you have a good capture, you then use the various freely available software such as ffmpeg to convert the raw video to a compressed format.  H.265 is the best format now, and the new AV1 format is even better but not finalised yet.  But you also need to consider what devices you are going to play it back on - H.265 format is no good if you need to play it on your TV and it does not support H.265.  Almost everything now supports H.264, so that is a good default option.  When you do the conversion, do not just use whatever default settings your software uses.  For most conversions, you really want to do two pass encoding, for example, and the defaults almost always are for one pass.  With two passes, the first pass reads all the video data and makes notes about what it is doing in each frame.  The second pass does the actual conversion, and it gets to look ahead in the first pass data to see what is coming in the future and to optimise its compression using that information.  This makes for a much higher quality result using the same number of bits as a one pass conversion.  Or you can choose to have a smaller file with the same quality as the one pass conversion.  Or some setting in between.  You also need to set the codec you are using to one of its high settings.  H.264 has lots of levels you can tell it to convert at, and the higher the level, the more features of the H.264 standard it will use for the compression, resulting in higher quality in fewer bits.  But the default level an H.264 codec will use is for maximum compatibility, and is usually one of the two lowest levels.

But being able to do a proper capture like that depends on finding a capture card that will do raw capture, and I have not seen any recently that are anything other than professional prices.

You also really should use an S-VHS VCR as the source playing the tape.  Even if the tape itself is VHS.  VHS VCRs typically lose a significant amount of the data that is actually on a VHS tape when they play it back, due to the low bandwidth used.  The recording on the tape is usually better quality than you will ever have seen it if you have only had a VHS VCR play it.  S-VHS VCRs typically open up the bandwidth so that for both VHS and S-VHS recordings, you get all of what is on the tape.  But that also means that you want an S-Video capable capture device.