Best practice network management and dimensioning methods recognise this, and as a result, broadband networks are dimensioned statistically to at least provide for expected and forecast demand, and to avoid congestion at that level of demand. As demand grows, best practice network operators augment capacity in their network ahead of it – with the objective of always avoiding network congestion and degraded customer service experience. So what does a 5Mbps throughput guarantee mean? We know that actual customer demand is not averaging 5Mbps, and will not do so for some time yet. So Chorus’ commitment cannot refer to actual demand today. Chorus’ commitment may mean that it is committing to augment capacity across its existing network now such that it could manage every customer streaming a constant 5Mbps at the same time today, but that seems an unlikely and inefficient use of Chorus’ capital. This leaves us with the possibility that Chorus is committing to continue augmenting its network capacity in future until demand grows to the point where average throughput is at 5Mbps. If that is the substance of the commitment, then we consider it not materially different to how Chorus manages its network and its EUBA service today, and entirely consistent with the expectations we have for it under the existing UBA STD.